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新聞中心1、在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所(suo)內(nei)，非因(yin)(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險條(tiao)(tiao)例》第(di)十 四條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)（一）規(gui)定(ding)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所(suo)內(nei)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)事故(gu)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應當認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 傷(shang)(shang)，這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。“三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”中最(zui)核心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素是(shi)(shi)(shi)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)構成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充 分條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)，“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所(suo)”和“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)”更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)證明(ming)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo) 原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)起補強作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。根據最(zui)高法院(yuan)司法解釋規(gui)定(ding)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所(suo)內(nei)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)，用(yong)人(ren) 單位或(huo)者社會保(bao)險行政部門(men)沒有證據證明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，則(ze)推定(ding)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)，亦可 認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)。當然，如果用(yong)人(ren)單位有證據證明(ming)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所(suo)內(nei)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)并(bing)非 因(yin)(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)導致(zhi)，則(ze)不能認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)。
2、在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間(jian)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作場所內(nei)，不(bu)是履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)暴(bao)力(li)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險條例規(gui)定(ding) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間(jian)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作場所內(nei)“因履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)暴(bao)力(li)等(deng)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)”可認定(ding)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)，包括(kuo)兩 層含義(yi)，一層是指(zhi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)，使某些人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)合理的(de)(de)(de)或違(wei)法的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)沒有達到(dao)(dao)(dao)，這 些人(ren)(ren)出于報復而對該職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)力(li)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)；另(ling)一層是指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間(jian)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作場所內(nei)，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)，諸如(ru)地(di)震、廠區失火、車間(jian)房屋倒塌以及(ji)由于單位其 他設施不(bu)安(an)全而造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)等(deng)。“因履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)暴(bao)力(li)等(deng)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)”強調的(de)(de)(de)是受到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de) 傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)與履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)之間(jian)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)有因果(guo)關系。如(ru)果(guo)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因個人(ren)(ren)利益、個人(ren)(ren)私怨等(deng)原因受到(dao)(dao)(dao)暴(bao) 力(li)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)，顯然無法認定(ding)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)。
3、因工(gong)外(wai)出期間從事個人(ren)活動受到傷害的因工(gong)外(wai)出期間一般包括以下情形：
1、員(yuan)工 受用人單位指派或者因工作需要在工作場所以外從事與工作職(zhi)責(ze)有(you)關(guan)的活(huo)動期間；
;2、員 工受(shou)用(yong)人單位指派外出學習或者(zhe)開會(hui)期間；
3、員工(gong)(gong)因工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)需要的(de)(de)其他外(wai)出活動期(qi)間。工(gong)(gong) 傷(shang)保險條(tiao)例規(gui)定(ding)職工(gong)(gong)因工(gong)(gong)外(wai)出期(qi)間，由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原因受到(dao)傷(shang)害(hai)或者發生事(shi)故下落不明的(de)(de)，應 當認定(ding)為工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)，這里強調的(de)(de)是“工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原因”。如果(guo)員工(gong)(gong)在因工(gong)(gong)外(wai)出期(qi)間從事(shi)個人(ren)(ren)活動，則 不能認定(ding)為工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。最高人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院在《關于(yu)審理工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險行政案(an)件若干問題的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)》中對此(ci)亦(yi)進行(xing)了(le)明確，“職工(gong)(gong)因工(gong)(gong)外出期間從事與工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)或者受用人(ren)單位指派外出學習、開會無關(guan) 的個人(ren)活動受到傷(shang)害，社會保險行(xing)政部門(men)不認定為工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)的，人(ren)民法院應(ying)予支持”。
4、在(zai)上下(xia)(xia)班(ban)途中發生(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故但本(ben)人(ren)負主(zhu)要責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)或全部(bu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)上下(xia)(xia)班(ban)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故是工 傷(shang)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)常見類型(xing)，但并非所有(you)在(zai)上下(xia)(xia)班(ban)途中發生(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故都能(neng)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)為工傷(shang)，這里需(xu)考慮 員工在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故中的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)大小(xiao)。工傷(shang)保險條例規定(ding)(ding)上下(xia)(xia)班(ban)途中受到“非本(ben)人(ren)主(zhu)要責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao) 通(tong)事(shi)故”可認(ren)定(ding)(ding)為工傷(shang)，“非本(ben)人(ren)主(zhu)要責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)”如何理解？具體是指(zhi)“無責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“次要責(ze)(ze)(ze) 任(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“同等責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)”。如果(guo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)警部(bu)門出具的(de)(de)事(shi)故認(ren)定(ding)(ding)結論為員工個人(ren)承擔(dan)事(shi)故的(de)(de)“主(zhu)要責(ze)(ze)(ze) 任(ren)(ren)(ren)”或“全部(bu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)”，則(ze)不能(neng)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)為工傷(shang)。
5、在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)位(wei)，突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)病(bing)搶救(jiu)無效(xiao)在 48 小(xiao)時后(hou)死亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷保險條例規定(ding) “在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)位(wei)，突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)病(bing)死亡(wang)或(huo)者(zhe)在 48 小(xiao)時之內經(jing)搶救(jiu)無效(xiao)死亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)”視同工(gong)(gong) 傷。“突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)病(bing)”包(bao)括各類疾(ji)病(bing)，不要求(qiu)與工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)有關聯。實務中較為常見的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)是心(xin)臟病(bing)、 腦出(chu)血、心(xin)肌梗塞等突(tu)發(fa)性疾(ji)病(bing)。“48 小(xiao)時”的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)算時間(jian)(jian)(jian)，以醫療機構的(de)(de)(de)初次診斷時間(jian)(jian)(jian) 作(zuo)(zuo)為突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)算時間(jian)(jian)(jian)。員工(gong)(gong)雖然是在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)位(wei)突(tu)發(fa)疾(ji)病(bing)，但經(jing)過(guo)搶救(jiu)無效(xiao) 48 小(xiao)時之后(hou)才死亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)，不屬于視同工(gong)(gong)傷的(de)(de)(de)情形。
6、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位突發疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)請假(jia)回(hui)家后(hou)再到(dao)醫院救(jiu)(jiu)治或死(si)亡的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)視(shi)(shi)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷最 高(gao)人民法(fa)(fa)院（2017）最高(gao)法(fa)(fa)行申 3687 號裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)書(shu)認為(wei)，《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例》第(di)(di)十五(wu)條(tiao)第(di)(di)一(yi)款 第(di)(di)(一(yi))項規定(ding)(ding)，職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位，突發疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)死(si)亡或者(zhe)在(zai)(zai) 48 小時(shi)(shi)之內經搶(qiang)救(jiu)(jiu)無(wu) 效死(si)亡的(de)(de)，視(shi)(shi)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷。上述條(tiao)款主(zhu)要是針對在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位上突發疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)堅持(chi) 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，需(xu)要緊急到(dao)醫院進行搶(qiang)救(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)情(qing)況而設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)。如果是在(zai)(zai)回(hui)家之后(hou)再到(dao)醫院救(jiu)(jiu)治或突發 疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)死(si)亡的(de)(de)，就不(bu)(bu)屬于(yu)這一(yi)條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)用范圍。本(ben)案中，張海生在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位感 到(dao)身體(ti)不(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)，請假(jia)回(hui)家后(hou)臥床休息，至次日被家人發現、經搶(qiang)救(jiu)(jiu)無(wu)效死(si)亡。雖然該(gai)不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)后(hou) 果值得(de)同(tong)情(qing)，但并不(bu)(bu)屬于(yu)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例》上規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)視(shi)(shi)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷情(qing)形(xing)，省人力(li)社保(bao)(bao)廳作(zuo)(zuo)出不(bu)(bu) 予認定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷決(jue)定(ding)(ding)于(yu)法(fa)(fa)有據。一(yi)、二(er)審法(fa)(fa)院認定(ding)(ding)事實清楚，適(shi)(shi)用法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規并無(wu)不(bu)(bu)當。——《代(dai) 秋燕、河北省人力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)廳勞動和(he)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)行政管理(li)(勞動、社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang))再審審查 與審判(pan)監督行政裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)書(shu)》（2017）最高(gao)法(fa)(fa)行申 3687 號人力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)部法(fa)(fa)規司《關(guan)于(yu) 如何(he)理(li)解<工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例>第(di)(di)十五(wu)條(tiao)第(di)(di)（一(yi)）項的(de)(de)復函(han)》認為(wei)，對條(tiao)例第(di)(di)十五(wu)條(tiao)第(di)(di)（一(yi)）項 視(shi)(shi)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亡的(de)(de)理(li)解和(he)適(shi)(shi)用，應當嚴格按(an)照(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)位、突發疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、徑(jing)直送醫院搶(qiang)救(jiu)(jiu) 等四要件(jian)并重，具有同(tong)時(shi)(shi)性(xing)、連貫性(xing)來掌握，具體(ti)情(qing)形(xing)主(zhu)要包括：
（一(yi)）職工(gong)(gong)在工(gong)(gong)作時間(jian) 和(he)工(gong)(gong)作崗位突發疾病當場死(si)亡；
（二(er)）職工(gong)在工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)崗位突(tu)發(fa)疾病，且情(qing)況緊急， 直接送醫院或醫療(liao)機構當場搶救(jiu)并(bing)在 48 小時(shi)內死(si)亡等。至于(yu)其他情(qing)形，如雖在工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間、工作崗(gang)位發病或者自感不適(shi)，但(dan)未送醫院搶救而(er)是回家(jia)休息，48 小(xiao)時內死亡的，不應視 同(tong)工傷(shang)。
7、非(fei)因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)對(dui)遇險(xian)(xian)者實(shi)施(shi)救助(zhu)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)傷亡又未經有(you)關(guan)部門認(ren)定(ding)為見義(yi)勇(yong)為的《工(gong)(gong) 傷保險(xian)(xian)條例(li)》第 15 條第（二）項規定(ding)在搶險(xian)(xian)救災等維護國家利益、公共利益活動(dong)中(zhong)受(shou)到 傷害的視(shi)同工(gong)(gong)傷，這里需注意司法(fa)實(shi)踐中(zhong)的做法(fa)。《最高人民法(fa)院(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)非(fei)因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)對(dui)遇 險(xian)(xian)者實(shi)施(shi)救助(zhu)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)傷亡的情形是否(fou)認(ren)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷問題的答復(fu)》（【2014】行(xing)他字第 2 號(hao)）中(zhong)意 見如(ru)下：非(fei)因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)對(dui)遇險(xian)(xian)者實(shi)施(shi)救助(zhu)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)傷亡的，如(ru)未經有(you)關(guan)部門認(ren)定(ding)為見義(yi)勇(yong)為， 似不屬于(yu)《工(gong)(gong)傷保險(xian)(xian)條例(li)》第十五條第一款第（二）項規定(ding)的視(shi)同工(gong)(gong)傷情形。考慮到請示(shi) 所涉案(an)件中(zhong)張詩春舍身(shen)救人的行(xing)為值得(de)提倡，建議你院(yuan)與下級法(fa)院(yuan)協調當(dang)地有(you)關(guan)部門，盡(jin) 可能通過(guo)其他方(fang)式做好相(xiang)關(guan)安撫工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)妥善化解(jie)爭議。
8、故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)導致傷(shang)(shang)(shang)亡的(de)(de)(de)依據《工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保險條(tiao)例》第十六條(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)，職工(gong)有下列情形(xing)之(zhi) 一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)，不得(de)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)為工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)或(huo)者(zhe)視同工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)：（一(yi)）故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)；明知自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)行為會(hui)發生(sheng)危害社(she) 會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，井且希望或(huo)者(zhe)放任這種(zhong)結(jie)果發生(sheng)，因而構成犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de) 社(she)會(hui)影響惡劣，對(dui)國家、社(she)會(hui)和公民的(de)(de)(de)財產、利益(yi)等損害較大(da)(da)，本著引導公民遵(zun)紀守法的(de)(de)(de) 精神，對(dui)于故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)惡劣情形(xing)，法律設定(ding)(ding)了不利后果，將(jiang)其排除在工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保險制度之(zhi)外， 不予認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)”的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)，應當以刑事(shi)偵查(cha)機關、檢察(cha)機關和審判機關的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)效 法律文書或(huo)者(zhe)結(jie)論性意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)見為依據。需特別(bie)注意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，過失犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)導致的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)亡不影響工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)， 比如交(jiao)通肇(zhao)事(shi)罪(zui)(zui)、重大(da)(da)責任事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)罪(zui)(zui)。
9、醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)或者吸(xi)毒(du)(du)導致(zhi)傷(shang)亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)將因醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)導致(zhi)傷(shang)亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)情形排(pai)除在工傷(shang)認(ren)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍之(zhi) 外，主(zhu)要是(shi)考慮國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定禁止醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)后(hou)工作(zuo)、醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)后(hou)駕(jia)車等(deng)，因此(ci)，由于(yu)醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)導 致(zhi)行為(wei)(wei)失(shi)(shi)去控(kong)制而引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種事故(gu)不能(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)工傷(shang)處理，這樣(yang)規(gui)定也是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)在一定程度(du)上控(kong) 制職工酒(jiu)后(hou)工作(zuo)，減少工傷(shang)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)。對于(yu)醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)標準(zhun)(zhun)，可以參(can)照《車輛駕(jia)駛人(ren)(ren)員血液、 呼氣酒(jiu)精含量(liang)閾值值與檢驗》國(guo)家標準(zhun)(zhun)(GB19522-2004）。這一標準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定：駕(jia)駛人(ren)(ren)員血液 中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)精含量(liang)大(da)于(yu)（等(deng)于(yu)） 20 毫克(ke)／100 毫升(sheng)(sheng)、小于(yu) 80 毫克(ke)／100 毫升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)屬(shu)于(yu)飲酒(jiu) 駕(jia)車，含量(liang)大(da)于(yu)（等(deng)于(yu)） 80 毫克(ke)／100 毫升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)屬(shu)于(yu)醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)駕(jia)車。公安機(ji)關(guan)交通(tong)管理部 門(men)、醫療機(ji)構等(deng)有(you)關(guan)單位依法(fa)出具的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測結(jie)論、診斷(duan)證明等(deng)材料(liao)，可以作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)認(ren)定醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依 據。吸(xi)毒(du)(du)在醫學上多稱藥(yao)物依賴和(he)藥(yao)物濫用，吸(xi)毒(du)(du)對人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身體健康造(zao)成了(le)(le)嚴重損害，造(zao)成 社(she)會(hui)財(cai)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)損失(shi)(shi)和(he)浪費，毒(du)(du)品交易活(huo)動加劇了(le)(le)各(ge)(ge)種違法(fa)犯罪活(huo)動，擾亂(luan)了(le)(le)社(she)會(hui)治安， 給(gei)社(she)會(hui)穩定帶來巨大(da)威脅。相比醉(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)酒(jiu)，吸(xi)毒(du)(du)在行為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)觀過錯、社(she)會(hui)危(wei)害性等(deng)方面，有(you) 過之(zhi)而無不及，借鑒國(guo)際公約相關(guan)規(gui)定，我國(guo)亦將吸(xi)毒(du)(du)排(pai)除工傷(shang)認(ren)定范(fan)圍之(zhi)外。
10、自(zi)(zi)(zi)殘(can)或者自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺的(de)(de)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)殘(can)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)通過各(ge)種(zhong)手段和方(fang)式(shi)(shi)傷害(hai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)身體，井造成傷害(hai) 結果(guo)的(de)(de)行為(wei)。“自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)通過各(ge)種(zhong)手段和方(fang)式(shi)(shi)結束自(zi)(zi)(zi)己生命的(de)(de)行為(wei)。有(you)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)殘(can)或者自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺 是(shi)(shi)(shi)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)精神(shen)狀態導致的(de)(de)，但也(ye)有(you)的(de)(de)不能排(pai)除是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)獲得(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷待遇導致的(de)(de)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)殘(can)或者自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺與 工(gong)(gong)(gong)作沒有(you)必然聯系，員工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)對其主觀故意承擔責(ze)任，因此，不能認定工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷。實務(wu)中比較難(nan) 做(zuo)得(de)到的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)怎么證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)殘(can)或者自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺？畢竟不是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)人(ren)都(dou)會留(liu)下遺書的(de)(de)，這個舉證(zheng)(zheng)責(ze)任 在用(yong)人(ren)單位。
11、非從(cong)事(shi)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)預(yu)防和(he)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)企業員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)期間感(gan)染(ran)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)不能(neng)認(ren)(ren)定為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 傷(shang)(shang)人(ren)社(she)部于 2020 年 2 月 21 日針對企業復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)產中(zhong)普遍關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)心的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、勞(lao)動關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資 待遇、社(she)保繳費等方面有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)問題進行了解答，其中(zhong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)認(ren)(ren)定問題，人(ren)社(she)部意(yi)見如(ru)下： 《關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于因(yin)(yin)履行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)感(gan)染(ran)新(xin)型冠狀病毒(du)肺(fei)炎(yan)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)護及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)保障問題的(de)(de)(de)通 知》（人(ren)社(she)部函〔2020〕11 號）中(zhong)明確在(zai)(zai)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)預(yu)防和(he)救治工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，醫(yi)(yi)護及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo) 人(ren)員(yuan)因(yin)(yin)履行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)，感(gan)染(ran)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)或因(yin)(yin)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)死亡的(de)(de)(de)，應認(ren)(ren)定為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)，依法享受工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang) 保險(xian)待遇。這是(shi)在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)擊疫情期間，對于新(xin)型冠狀病毒(du)職(zhi)(zhi)業暴(bao)露風險(xian)高的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)事(shi)預(yu)防和(he)救治的(de)(de)(de) 醫(yi)(yi)護及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)特殊政策，體(ti)現了黨和(he)國家對醫(yi)(yi)護和(he)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)愛。如(ru)果不 是(shi)從(cong)事(shi)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)預(yu)防和(he)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)，感(gan)染(ran)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)是(shi)不能(neng)認(ren)(ren)定為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)。